We hope to make this post and annual feature. The first one from last year is here:
A note on the illustrations: Like last time, bhautikagnya koushik agreed to paint several scenes. The paintings are each 8"x5", a fairly common size for devi mAhAtmyam miniatures back in the day. They are painted in gouache (opaque watercolor) which is the same medium that miniatures were originally painted in (from the 13th century onward). In comparison, the ones painted last year were drawn with colored chalk (pastels) and more than twice the size (9"x12").
The second adhyAya is the beginning of the madhyama charitra. In the beginning of this adhyAya, the devas get defeated by a powerful asura called mahishAsura after a war that spans 100 years. mahishAsura then assumes the post of indra. He also takes up all the powers of the other devas.
"देवासुरम् अभूत् युद्धं पूर्णम् अब्दशतं पुरा...जित्वा च सकलान् देवान् इन्द्रः अभूत् महिषासुरः" (sandhis are all split)
The devas roam the earth like mortals, then approach brahma, vishnu and shiva for help.
"स्वर्गात् निराकृताः सर्वे तेन देवगणाः भुवि | विचरन्ति यथा मर्त्याः महिषेण दुरात्मना |"
After narrating their miseries, the devas fall at the feet of the supreme three.
"शरणं च प्रपन्नाः स्मः वधः तस्य विचिन्त्यतां |"

We have mentioned this a few times earlier, but this episode still makes us digress and wonder how these ideas have evolved over centuries. indra who is the all powerful sahasrAkshA, slayer of vritra in the rig veda falls at the feet of shivA. The vedas celebrate life, are full of awe for nature and replete with universal prayers to the elements. Whereas in the purANas, the elements of nature like agni, vAyu, sUrya, etc., are sidelined to non-central roles although they are still venerated. Vedic works such as ghosha shAnti should be taught more and brought back into popular hindu consciousness. The ideals expounded in such works are still being practiced subconsciously by hindus in their celebration of harvest festivals, veneration of rivers, mountains, animals, etc. The earliest forms of worship are nature worship and ancestor worship, and communities that hold on to these rituals and forms of worship (mainly rural and tribal communities) are closer to the vedic form of worship than other communities. With this we get back to the purANa.
From the angered vishnu, brahma, shankara and all the other devas including indra, arose a brilliant light which united in one place
"ततः अतिकोपपूर्णस्य चक्रिणः वदनात् ततः | निश्चक्राम महत्तेजः ब्रह्मणः शङ्करस्य च |
अन्येषां च एव देवानां शक्र-आदीनं शरीरतः | निर्गतं सुमहत्तेजः तत् च ऐक्यं समगच्छत |"
...
From there a woman arose whose brilliance shone in all three worlds.
"एकस्थं तदभून्नारी व्याप्तलोकत्रयं त्विषा |"
From his shUla, the holder of pinAka (shiva) formed another shUla and gave it to devi. krshna (the black one; vishnu) gave a chakra made out of his own.
"शूलम् शूलात् विनिष्कृष्य ददौ तस्यै पिनाकधुक् | चक्रं च दत्तवान् कृष्णः समुत्पाट्य स्वचक्रतः |
The devas then gave several gifts and weapons to the devi. We list them here for the curious reader. The words in brackets are the terms used in the purANa.
varuna -- conch (shankha)
agni (hutAsana) -- spear (shakti)
vAyu (mAruta) -- bow and two quivers full of arrows (chApa + iShudhI)
indra (amarAdhipa) -- thunderbolt (vajra)
indra (sahasrAkha) -- bell of airAvata
yama (kAla) -- staff (danda)
varuna (ambupati) -- lasso (pAsha)
brahma (prajApati) -- chain of beads and a pot for carrying water (akshamAlA and kamandalu)
sun (divAkara) -- his radiant rays (nija rashmi)
yama (kAla) -- khadga (sword)
sea of milk (ksIroda) -- necklace and clothes that never wear out (amalam hAram, ajaram ambaram)
vishvakarma -- several things (nirmalaH parashuH, kundale, samastAsu angulIshu ratnAni, etc )
sea god -- beautiful lotus
himavAn -- a lion as a vehicle and several precious gems
kubera (dhanAdhipa) -- vessel filled with intoxicating sura
king of snakes (sesha) -- several precious stones and a necklace
After this the devas raised loud slogans wishing victory to devi. These sounds shook the whole world and startled mahishAsura, who remarked thus, "Ah! what is this", and in anger ran towards the sound along with other asuras.
"आह्किमेतत् इति क्रोधात् आभाष्य महिषासुरः |
अभ्यधावत तं शब्दं असेशैः असुरैः वृतः |"
He saw the devi who enveloped all three worlds with her radiance and a terrible battle ensued. The number of warriors and the sizes of armies on the asura side are phenomenally huge. Not only did these ancestors have abstract ideas about huge numbers, they associated those with distances, times, etc. We go over some of those numbers here.
udagra fought with 60,000 chariots --- रथानाम् अयुतैः षड्भिः
maha hanu fought with 10,000,000 chariots -- अयुतानां सहस्रं
asiloma fought with 50,000,000 chariots -- पञ्चाशद्भिः नियुतैः
bashkala 16,000,000 chariots, 1000s of elephants, 1000s of horses -- अयुतानां शतैः षड्भिः , कोट्या च
bidala 5,000,000,000 chariots -- अयुतानां पञ्चाशद्भिः अयुतैः
A nice verse to remember powers of 10 till 10^17 is here.
एकं दश शतञ्चै व सहस्रमयुतं तथा |
लक्षं च नियुतं चैव कोतिरर्बुदमेवच |
वृन्दं खर्वोनिखर्वस्च शङ्खःपद्मोच सागरः |
अन्त्यं मध्यं परार्धञ्च दशवृध्या यथाक्रमम् |
So 1 petabyte is 1 अन्त्य-byte :)
Devi then laid to waste this huge army. Several asuras fought valiantly but were no match for her power.
She destroyed the armies like it was child's play and there were rivers of blood in the battlefield.
"लीलयैव प्रचिच्छेद निजशस्त्रास्त्र वर्षिणी |"
...
"शोणितौघा महानद्यः सद्यः तत्र प्रसुश्रुवुः |"
As she exhaled, hundreds of thousands of her own warriors appeared.
"निःश्वासात् मुमुचे युध्यमाना अम्बिका ... सद्यः संभूताः गणाः शतसहस्रशः |
Several shlokas give vivid descriptions of the battle. In one particularly graphic shloka, some asuras were beaten with a pestle/club, which made them vomit blood.
"वेमुः च केचित् रुधिरं मुसलेन भृशं हताः |"
Devi vanquished the asura army like a fire burning a huge heap of grass and wood.
"क्षणेन तत् महासैन्यम् असुराणां तथा अम्बिका | निन्ये क्षयं यथा वन्हिः त्रुणदारुमहाचयम् |"
In all this, mahishAsura does not enter into a direct fight. He awaits with his jaw dropping army of 10,000,000,000,000,000 (कोटिकोतिसहस्रैः) chariots, elephants and horses.